Internal-combustion turbine.



B. BISGHOP.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00'l.20, 1914.

9,44 Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

B. BISOHOP.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED OCT. 20, 1914.

L12,5%o Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

j12 sHEETS-SHEET z.

a' M v ATQTU/P/VEVS B. manor. INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0GT.20, 1914.

Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEET8SHEBT 3.

WITNESSES. M/Vf/VTOI? HTTU/P/VEVS B. BISGHOP.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.20, 1914.

Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I, ,1 A I IIIIIIIIIIII/[III/(III!III/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIW 4"IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIlllllllIIIIIIIII/fl/ v I'IIIIIA711/1III/11111111111111!111/ IIIIIIIIIJ r "IIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIlIlIIIIIIIIIIII/W I '-vlI/I/111/1IIII/11111111!11/11/1111]lllll/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/ B. BISGHOF.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE. APPLIUATION FILED 00120, 1914.

1,1 QQ MQQ Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 5. fig-Z W/T/VESSfSI B. BISGHOF.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED 00T.Z0, 1914.

Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEETSfSHEET 6.

I. frlllllll/II/lgllllff((llll/lllflllllqml E I Y firm/M56 Patented Feb.23, 1915.

v12 SHEETS-SHEET 7- B. BISGHOF.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0o1'.zo, 1914.

1,1Q9,544. v Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

I 12 SHEETS-SHEET e. E g 10.

. BISGHOF.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.20,1914. 1,1 29,544. Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SH'EETSSHEET 8.

B. BISGHOF.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 001220, 1914.

1 1 29 5440 Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEETSSHEET 11. Rgfii EIRKQQQ MUM/[5555.

B. BISGHOPL INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.20,'1914 l lwo Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

12 SHEETSSHEET 12.

b. nrscnor, or no INTERNALCOMBUS'EION rename.

' Specification of Letters intent.

Patented Feb. 23, 1915.

Application filed October $0, 1914. Serial No. 867,608.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BERNHARD Brscnor, a citizen of the Republic ofSwitzerland, resident of Nuremberg, Germany, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Turbines, of which thefollowing is a specification. My invention relates to internalcombustion turbines and has for its object to improve the constructionthereof and to provide a machine of this type, having a man'- mum ofefliciency.

My improvement particularly contemplates an internal combustion turbinein which the use of a compressor is eliminated and in which the fuelmixture, or when employing fluid fuel the air, is directly compressed bymeans of the explosion gases in such a manner that no part of the lattergases accompanies the mixture or air into the explosion chambers.

Other objects of my im rovement willappear from the descriptionhereinafter and the features of novelty will be pointed out in theappended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 isa diagrammatic vertical section of my improved turbine takenapproximately on the line 11 of Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a detail sectionalview showing the arts in a different position; Fig. 3 is a verticaldiagrammatic section taken substantially on the line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig.4 illustrates in face view a diagram of the chamber openings; Fig. 5 isa diagrammatic face view of the rotary valve member; Figs. 6 to 13inclusive are diagrammatic sectional views illustrating the difierentsteps in the operation of my turbine; and Fig. 14 is a detail section ofa slightly different form. of my improvement.

As shown in the drawings the turbine comprises a series of explosion orcombustion chambers 0 0 c and 0 arranged concentrically about the axisof the turbine upon a suitable supporting frame, each explosion chamberbeing provided with a partition c which extends from the mouth oropening thereof to a point at a distance explosion chambers are eachformed with two end openings 0 and c. In the illusignated respectivelyas a first and second compression chamber are arranged and suit ablysupported adjacent to each explosion chamber 0 c 0 and c, saidcompression chambers being indicated by the reference characters al e, d0 d, e and d, a respectively. The said compression chambers arerespectively provided with end openings (1 and 6 located in closeprom'mity to the end openin 0 and o" of the explosion chambers, t eopenings 0, 0, d, c all terminating in a common vertical plane andcommunicating with an annular guideway m as shown in Fig. 1, An annularaircha-nnel p communicating with the atmosphere or a source of airsupply surrounds said guideway m and is connected therewith by means ofconnections 72 the said guideway an being further arranged incommunication with an annular exhaust channel 0 having an outlet 0 asalso shown in said Fig. 1. A valve member on is retatably fitted in saidguideway m and is carried by a shaft 9! journaled in bearings q anddriven in any suitable manner as by bevel gears 1' and s the latterbeing connected with any desired type of driving machine as for instancean electric motor (not shown). The said valve member m as arranged ismovable across the end openings 0 a, (Z and c of the explosion andcompression chambers and across the connections of the air channel p andthe inlets to the exhaust channel 0, said member m bein provided withnozzles n adapted to esta lish communication between the explosionchambers and an annular recess a formed in said member m. The saidmember m is further formed with channels n"- n connected with saidrecess a and adapted to communicate with the exhaust channel 0 and witha channel a arranged to connect the chambers with the air channel p aswill be more fully described hereinafter. In addition to the above thevalve member m is provided with channels n, n", n, n", n and n thepurpose of which will be'clearly set forth further on in thedescription. The

turbine wheel a is carried by a shaft 6 rotatably mounted in bearings band has its periphery provided with blades a adapted to rotatably travelin the recess a as shown in Fig. 1, said shaft 6 being adapted fortrated form two compression chambers desconnection with the particularmechanism,

such as .for instance a dynamo, which is to be driven.

From the drawings t Wlll be seen that each explosion chamber and twocompression chambers form a group having their, end openings located inclose proxumty to each other, thegroups for convenience of descriptionbeing des1gnated as 1st group, 2nd group, 3rd group and 4th grouprespectively.

The rear ends of the explosion chambers c, c", c and c are connected bymeans of tubes or pipes f respectively with the next.

rearward o'r preceding compression chambers d, d, d and d, thedirections in which second compression chambers (1 d, a and d in eachgroup, said first compression chambers e e, e and e bein further con--nected by means of tubes 21 -W1th the second following, forwardlylocated second compression chamber d d, d and d. Thus e is connectedwith d, c with d, c with d and e with d by means of said tubes 2'. Thetubes 9 and i may also be controlled or closed in any suitable manner,the illustration showing valves is in the tubes 9 and valves Z in thetubes 2', it being understood that these valves as well as the valvesh'may be automatic return valves or check valves as desired.

For thepurpose of illustrating the operation it is assumed that myimproved turbine is being driven by fluid fuel in which case all thechambers before the initial explosions are filled with fresh airconducted from the atmosphere or other source of air supply through theinlet 29, channel 1) and connections '72. The addltion of fuel now takeslace only in the explosion chamber 0, the said fuel being sprayed intothe air contained therein in any suitable manner as for instance bymeans of the arrangement t shown in Fig. 2, it being understood that anysuitable type of igmtion devices may be used for causing the explosion.After the explosion has taken place the combustion gases at highpressure expand through the nozzle and by impacting against the blades(1 actuate the turbine wheel a and shaft 6, then ass through the channelin the valve memer m into a compression chamber and push or transfer theair therein into a next chamber and then compress the same after whichupon a repetition of the proceeding ated herein'as the gases pass outthrough the exhaust. The

compression may take placein one ortwo steps; the illustrated form showsa compression of two'steps whereof as already stated.

two compression chambers are combined with each explosion chamber. Inthis case,

after all the chambers are filled with air,

the air for instance contained in a first compression "chamber is'pushedor transferred by the explosion gases into a second compression chamberand thereby compressed or example to a pressure of 3 atm. Thiscompressed .mass 0 air is then pushed from said compression chamber intoan explosion chamber whereby it is further compressed for example to apressure of 10 atm., and- Figs. 6-13 inclusive m which by way of examplea turbine with four explosion chainbers is shown each of which iscombined with a first and second compression chamber; The illustrationis diagrammatic, the four groups being located one beneath the other anda fifth group, which in reality corresponds to the first group, is addedin order to simplify the explanation. The connections f, g and i are inthe main omitted and are fully shown only in the diagrams illustratinthe steps in which they come into use. ext is to be assumed that thechambers are filled with fresh air, the explosion chamber 0 with airhaving a pressure of 10 atm. and the chambers d and d with air of 3 atm.pressure. The manner in which these pressures are obtained will be moreclearly brought out hereinafter, it being understood that all pressureestimates given indicate absolute tensions. Fuel is now introduced intoa and ignited, and the pressure therein is consequently raised forexample to 38 atm. The actuated valve mem-' ber m havin been moved tobring the portion thereof indicated at M to the pos1tion shown in Fig.6, the explosion gases pass through the nozzle 7:. and against theblades a rotate the turbine wheel a and pass through the channel a andopening (1 into the chamber (1 The said gases thus drive or transfer theair in the chamber d from the latter through the tube f into theexplosion chamber 0 of the second group of chambers and compress saidairin said chamber 0 After equalization of pressure has taken place apressure of 10 atm. prevails in c. d and c, the latter chambercontaining air and the chambers c and d gas, the initial and finalexpanding from the pressure of 10 atm. pass from the chamber 03 throughthe opening a into the chamber 0 and from there through the nozzle 11.and continue the actuation of the wheel a by impacting against theblades a After passing the blades 0. the said gases travelthrough thechannel n into the chamber 6 so that the air in the latter is driventherefrom through the tube a into the second following compressionchamber (i forming part of the third group of chambers. From thischamber d the said air passes through the channel 013 into the explosionchamber 0 of this third group, the member m meanwhile occupying aposition with the portion M- opposite this latter group. Afterequalization of pressure has again taken place a tension of 3 atm.prevails in the chambers 0,- d 6 d and c the last two containing air andthe first three containing gas. During this step the chambers of thesecond group remain idle, while the chambers of the fourth group areconnected with the air channel p.

The third step is illustrated in Fig. 8. The valve member m has now beenadvanced to bring the portion M opposite the first group of chambers inthis figure so that the gases remaining in the chambers 0 d and e at 3atm. pass from the chambers al and 6 through the channel a into-thechamber 0 and from there through the nozzle 71. and by impacting againstthe blades 02 continue the actuation of the wheel a and pass through thechannel 11, into the exhaust channel 0 so that the tension in chambers 0d and e sinks from 3 to 1 atm. At the same time the portion M of themember on occupies a position opposite the second group of chamberscorresponding to the first step shown in Fig. 6 so that as explosiontakes place in chamber a concurrently with the exhaust in chambers 0 dand e the gases at 38'atm. pressure pass from the chamber a through thenozzle 11. and impact against the blades a to still further continue theactuation of the wheel a. After leaving the blades a these gases travelthrough the channel a into the chamber d and force the air therefromthrough the tube f into the explosion chamber a of the third group andthere compress the same. The initial and .final tensions or pressuresaccompanying this step of the operation are again indicated in thevarious chambers.

The fourth step is shown in Fig. 9. The valve member m has further beenadvanced so that the portion M thereof occupies a position opposite thefirst group of chambers, while the portion M has moved to a positionopposite the second group, the third group being sealed by means of thesealing portion M while that portion of the memher at indicated as M isopposite the fourth group. In this step fresh air passes from the airchannel 10 through the channel n into the chamber 6 and from thencethrough the tube 9 into the chamber (Z and through the channel 1:. intothe explosion chamber 0 so that the said chambers 0 d and e are in thismanner thoroughly scavenged and any .gases which remain therein a travelthrough the nozzle n beyond the blades a and through the channel n intothe exhaust channel 0. The pressure of this scavenging air raises thetension in the above mentionedchambers for instance 1, 2 atm. In thesecond group of chambers the explosion gases-from the chambers 03 and 0meanwhile pass through the nozzle 11., impact against the blades a tocontinue the actuation of the wheel a and then travel through thechannel a into the chamber 6 The air is in this manner driven from thischamber 6 through the tube 6 into the chamber 03 of the fourth group andthrough the channel a into the explosion chamber 0 of this oup thisproceeding in the second and ourth groups corresponding to the stepillustrated in Fig. 7 as taking place in the first and third group ofchambers. The third group of chambers during these latter operationsremain idle.

The fifth step is illustrated in Fig. 10. In this figure the valvemember m has been further moved to bring the portion M opposite thefirst group of chambers, the portion M being opposite the second groupand the portion M being opposite thethird group of chambers While asealing portion M closes the fourth group of chambers. In this stepscavenging of the chambers 0 (Z and 6 may continue or said chambers maybe sealed by the portion -M as shown and remain idle. The gases in thechambers 0 d and e are passing into the exhaust channel 0 inthe samemanner as described with regard to the first group in Fig. 8 whileexplosion is taking place in the chambers of the third group so that thegases resulting therefrom after actuating the wheel'a are compressingthe air in the explosion chamber 0* of the fourth group in the samemanner as described with respect to the first and'second groups of Fig.6 and the second and third roups of said Fig. 8.

The sixt step is shown in Fig. 11. At this stage the valve member m hasbeen moved tobring the portion M thereof opposite to the first group ofchambers, while the portions M and M are located re-' speetivel'yopposite the second and third gimp of chambers :md'the fourth groupsealed by the portion M. The operation 111 the third and first groups'of chambers at this stage is the same as in the first and.

third groups duringthe second step shown in Fig. 7 or the second andfourth groups. in Fig. 9 while the chambers of the second group arebeing scavenged in a manner %imilar to the chambers 0 d and e in Theseventh step is shown in Fig. 12. The valve member 111. has now reacheda position in which the portion M thereof is opposite the fourth groupin which explosion has taken place so that the air in the first grou isbeing compressed as hereinafter describe the chambers of the said firstgroup being sealed by the portion M of the valie member m. At the sametime the portion M of the said member m is vopposite the third group ofchambers so that exhaust -is taking place in the latter while the secondgroups are sealed and idle.

The eighth position is shown in Fig. 13. The valve member 17;, has nowbeen brou ht to a osition in which the sealing. portion- M 0 said memberis opposite the first group of chambers 0, (P, e, which in consequenceremain' sealed and are idle at this a stage, the explosion chambercontaining airunder compression. At the same time the portions M, M andM of said member are opposite the second, third and fourth groups ofchambers respectively, so that the explosion gases traveling from thechambers d and c after passing the blades a and actuating the wheel awill drive the air from 6 through i and into d and c Concurrently withthis operation the chambers 6 d and a? are being scavenged. The valvemember 022. now again reaches its initial position so that the firststep shown in Fig. 6 is repeated, this cycle being continuously repeatedduring the operation of the turbine with one explosion in each group,the steps in each explosion chamber being as follows: air and 'fuelintake, compression, ignition and explosion, exhaust and scavenging. Theinitial pressure as well as succeeding pressures are indicated infigures denoting atmospheres in each of the figures from Figs. 6 to 13inclusive. The arrows in Fig. 5 clearly indicate the path of the variousgases through the valve plate channels while the cooperating chamberopenings are clearly indicated in Fig. 4.

It will be seen from the above description that the explosion gases inaddition to actuating the turbine wheel, also serve to compress the airfor the next explosion so that, a compression mechanism is absolutelyavoided, one or more compression chambers being located in front of eachexplosion chamber.

The various chambers so pmportioned that duringthe transferring andcompression of the air by the gas from one chamber or group to the otherabsolutely no gas is carried along with the air, the consequence ofwhichis that the explosion chambers are filled only with clean mixturesabsolutely free .from combustion gases and their attendantinjuriousefi'ects'. The present invention in this respect isfundamentally different from internal combustion turbines heretoforeknown and owing to the above valve'member and turbine wheelthus'continuously actuating the latter, while the air masses on thecontrary travel in the opposite direction through the rearwardlyextending chamber connections. With this arrangement it is thereforealso possible to cool the air at each compression for'instance bypassing same through a cooler located between the chamber, withouthaving the cooler disturbed or afiected by the' explosion gases. Inconsequence of this no energy is abstracted from the latter and thecooling serves only to advantageously increase the entire workingefliciency of the turbine. Fig. 14 shows an example of how sucharrangement may be brought about, the coolers being indicated by thereference characters o and w.

It will of course be understood that the turbine instead of having fourgroups of chambers may be provided with more, for

instance eight or twelve, the construction of the valve member m beingchanged correspondingly to secure the proper cooperation as will beclearly apparent.

Various changes in the specific forms shown and described may be madewithin the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion turbine, the combination of a. plurality ofexplosion chambers, nozzles adapted to communicate with said explosionchambers, a turbine wheel movable adjacent to said nozzles, compressionchambers, and connections from said explosion chambers to saidcompression chambers through which the explosion gases after passingthrough the nozzles and actuating the turbine wheel drive the drivingmedium from one compression chamber into another chamber and there.

duct the explosion gases from the explosion chambers to the turbinewheel to actuate same and into the compression chamber of the same groupwhereby the drivin' medium in said compression chamber is r1ven by saidgases through said connection into the explosion chamber of the nextgroup and there compressed. 4

3. In an internal combustion turbine, the combination of a series ofexplosion chambers, a first and second compression chamber adjacent toeach explosion chamber and forming therewith a chamber group, a tubeconnecting the first compression chamber of one group with the secondcompression chamber of another group, a connection from the secondcompression chamber of one group to the explosion chamber of anothergroup, a turbine wheel, a valve member controlling said chambers, meansin said member for conducting the 'explosion'gases from an explosionchamber to the turbine wheel to actuate same and into the secondcompression chamber of the same group whereby the driving medium in saidsecond compression chamber is driven through said connection into theexplosion chamber of another group and there compressed and means insaid valve member for conducting the said explosion gases across theturbine wheel and into the first compression chamber of the said samegroup where by the driving medium in' said first compression chamber isdriven through said tube into the second compression chamber of anothergroup and there initially compressed. p

4. In an internal combustion turbine, the combination of a series ofexplosion chamibers, a first and second compression chamber adjacent toeach explosion chamber and forming therewith a chamber group, a tubeconnecting the first compression chamber of one group with the secondcompression chamber of another group, a connection from the secondcompression chamber of one group to the explosion chamber of anothergroup, a conduit connecting the first and second compression chambersofeach .group with each other, an exhaust tube, a

turbine wheel, a valve member controlling said chambers and said exhausttube, means in said member for conducting the explosion gases-from anexplosion chamber to the turbine wheel to actuate'same, and into thesecond compression chamber of the same group whereby the driving'mediumin said second compression chamber is driven through said connectioninto the explosion chamber of another group and there compressed, meansin said valve member for conducting the said explosion gases across theturbine wheel and into the first compression chamber of said same groupwhereby the driving medium in said first compression chamber is driventhrough said tube into the second compression chamber of another groupand there initially compressed and means in said valve member forconducting the gases reinsgimng 1n the first group to the exhaust 5. Inan internal combustion turbine, the combination of a series of explosionchem hers, a first and second compression chamber adjacent to eachexplosion chamber and forming therewith a chamber group, a connectionfrom the second compression chamber of the first group to the explosionchamber of the second group, a tube connecting the first compressionchamber of the first group with the second compression chamber of thethird group, a conduit connecting the two compression chambers of'eachgroup with each other, an air let, an exhaust tube, a turbine wheel, amo able'valve member controlling said chambers, said air inlet and saidexhaust, means in said member for conducting the explosion gases fromthe explosion chamber of the first group to the turbine wheel to actuatesame and into the second compression chamber of said first group wherebythe driving medium in said second compression chamber is driven throughsaid connection into the explosion chamber of the second group, means insaid valve member for conducting the said explosion gases across theturbine wheel and into the first compression chamber of the first groupwhereby the driving medium in said first compression chamber is driventhrough said tube into the second compression chamber of the third groupand there initially compressed, means for conducting the gases remainingin the first group across the turbine wheel into the exhaust tube andmeans in said valve member for connecting the chambers of the firstgroup with the air inlet whereby said chambers are scavenged. 2

6. In an internal combustion turbine, the combination of explosionchambers, compression chambers, connections between said chambers, aturbine wheel, means for conducting explosion gases to said turbinewheel to actuate same and to initially compress the driving medium in anexplosion chamber and to further compress said driving medium in saidexplosion chamber.

7- In an internal inhalati n Mb e, oombination of flxp ion chambersiiavlng fr nt end mass, cpmp esnon phemhers having iron end-opemn aturbine wheel a va ve m m er surro n send wheel an controllgng so dixonten openmgs, an

conne ions between said, .ehambers l cat at he rear end th reof wherebyex qs on e e l y-jw e b s e .vel-ve member an m 41mm m dmng r 5 d c ambes ex lnslvely 'pu heeld 9011 d w ng me.-

0mm to compress the aai 8- In an int rna combustion turbine, th comination f e plosion chamb r mg ront e1 openings, compr sion ch mbers hamg' on e d oning; a. valve member surroun g sa d wheel and controllingaid fr nt e d opemngs; ec ne my hand n a turb e he l,

wmpliess the said driving medium and cooling devices located in saidconnections for coolin said driving medium, the areas of saidc embers,connections and cooling devices being so proportioned that no gases genreach said'coohng devices.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set the presence oi two subscribingwitn s s;

BERNHARD BISCHOF.

Wi ne ses:

Gnono v. Hnurrsrmumn, Owe n,

